Research+the+background

=LUKE HOUBEN IZ DA BEST! Background/History of Cyberbullying and how the issue has developed= = = cyberbullying** is the use of e-mail, instant messaging, chat rooms, pagers, cell phones, or other forms of information technology to deliberately harass, threaten, or intimidate someone, often done by teenagers or young adults.
 * CAITLIN

"Cyberbullying" is when a child, preteen or teen is tormented, threatened, harassed, humiliated, embarrassed or otherwise targeted by another child, preteen or teen using the Internet, interactive and digital technologies or mobile phones. It isn't when adult are trying to lure children into offline meetings, that is called **sexual exploitation** or **luring by a sexual predator**

It is not known when exactly cyber bullying started

Often, people who are victims are also bullies.

SITES StopCyberbullying.org [] []

LUKE- **MySpace** is a [|social networking] [|website]. Its headquarters are in [|Beverly Hills], [|California], [|US],[|[2]] where it shares an office building with its immediate owner, [|News Corp. Digital Media], owned by [|News Corporation]. MySpace became the most popular social networking site in the [|United States] in June 2006.[|[3]] According to [|comScore], MySpace was overtaken internationally by its main competitor, [|Facebook], in April 2008, based on monthly unique visitors.[|[4]][|[5]] MySpace employs 1,000 employees, after laying off 30% of its workforce in June 2009;[|[6]] the company does not disclose [|revenues] or [|profits] separately from News Corporation. The 100 millionth account was created on August 9, 2006,[|[7]] in the [|Netherlands].[|[8]]

=Facebook=

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
[|Eduardo Saverin] [|Dustin Moskovitz] [|Chris Hughes] || [|Dublin], [|Ireland] (international headquarters for Europe, Africa, Middle East) [|Seoul], [|South Korea](international headquarters for Asia) || [|Dustin Moskovitz] (Co-founder) [|Sheryl Sandberg] ([|COO]) [|Matt Cohler] (VP of [|Product Management]) [|Chris Hughes] (Co-founder) || Facebook was founded by [|Mark Zuckerberg] with his college roommates and fellow computer science students [|Eduardo Saverin], [|Dustin Moskovitz] and [|Chris Hughes].[|[6]] The website's membership was initially limited by the founders to Harvard students, but was expanded to other colleges in the Boston area, the [|Ivy League], and [|Stanford University]. It later expanded further to include (potentially) any university student, then high school students, and, finally, to anyone aged 13 and over. The website currently has more than 400 million active users worldwide.[|[7]] The original concept for Facebook was borrowed from a product produced by Zuckerberg's prep school [|Phillips Exeter Academy] which for decades published and distributed a printed manual of all students and faculty, unofficially called the "face book". Facebook has met with some [|controversy]. It has been blocked intermittently in several countries including Syria,[|[8]] China,[|[9]] Vietnam,[|[10]] and Iran.[|[11]] It has also been banned at many places of work to discourage employees from wasting time using the service.[|[12]] [|Privacy] has also been an issue, and it has been compromised several times. Facebook settled a lawsuit regarding claims over source code and intellectual property.[|[13]] The site has also been involved in controversy over the sale of fans and friends.[|[14]] A January 2009 [|Compete.com] study ranked Facebook as the most used social network by worldwide monthly active users, followed by [|MySpace].[|[15]]//[|Entertainment Weekly]// put it on its end-of-the-decade 'best-of' list, saying, "How on earth did we stalk our exes, remember our co-workers' birthdays, bug our friends, and play a rousing game of Scrabulous before Facebook?"[|[16]] There have recently been reports of Facebook proposing an [|initial public offering] (IPO), i.e. issue equity shares as stock to investors. However, Zuckerberg stresses that it will not be for a few more years, and the company is in no need of additional capital.[|[17]][|[18]] Also, some analysts fear the Facebook IPO might be a particularly weak one.[|[19]] [[|hide]] * [|1] [|History]
 * Facebook, Inc.**||||= [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Facebook.svg/230px-Facebook.svg.png width="230" height="86" caption="Facebook.svg" link="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Facebook.svg"]] ||
 * ~ [|Type] || [|Private] ||
 * ~ Founded || [|Cambridge, Massachusetts],[|USA][|[1]] ||
 * ~ [|Founder] || [|Mark Zuckerberg]
 * ~ Headquarters || [|Palo Alto], California
 * ~ Area served || [|Worldwide] ||
 * ~ Key people || [|Mark Zuckerberg] ([|CEO])
 * ~ [|Revenue] || ▲ 300 million [|USD] (2008 est.)[|[2]] ||
 * ~ [|Employees] || 1000+[|[3]] ||
 * ~ [|Website] || [|www.facebook.com] ||
 * ~ [|Alexa] rank || 2[|[4]] ||
 * ~ Type of site || [|Social network service] ||
 * ~ [|Advertising] || [|Banner ads], [|referral marketing], [|Casual games] ||
 * ~ Registration || Required ||
 * ~ [|Available in] || [|Multilingual] ||
 * ~ Launched || February 4, 2004 ||
 * ~ Current status || Active ||
 * = **Screenshot[|[show]]** ||
 * Facebook** is a [|social networking] website that is operated and privately owned by Facebook, Inc.[|[1]] Since September 2006, anyone over the age of 13 with a valid e-mail address can become a Facebook user. Facebook's target audience is more for an adult demographic than a youth demographic.[|[5]] Users can add friends and send them messages, and update their personal profiles to notify friends about themselves. Additionally, users can join networks organized by workplace, school, or college. The website's name stems from the colloquial name of books given to students at the start of the academic year by university administrations in the [|US] with the intention of helping students to get to know each other better.
 * ==**Contents**==
 * [|1.1] [|Facemash]
 * [|1.2] [|Thefacebook]
 * [|2] [|Financials]
 * [|3] [|Website]
 * [|3.1] [|Interface evolution]
 * [|3.1.1] [|Facebook Lite]
 * [|3.2] [|Features]
 * [|3.3] [|Platform]
 * [|3.4] [|Facebook on smartphones]
 * [|3.5] [|Server infrastructure]
 * [|3.6] [|Downtime and outages]
 * [|3.7] [|URL shortener]
 * [|4] [|Effect on politics - Saint Anselm College presidential debates]
 * [|5] [|Reception]
 * [|5.1] [|Use by courts]
 * [|5.2] [|Criticism]
 * [|5.3] [|Lamebook]
 * [|6] [|Controversy]
 * [|6.1] [|uSocial]
 * [|7] [|Litigation]
 * [|7.1] [|StudiVZ]
 * [|7.2] [|Grant Raphael]
 * [|7.3] [|Adam Guerbuez]
 * [|8] [|See also]
 * [|9] [|References]
 * [|10] [|External links] ||

** Facemash **
[|Mark Zuckerberg] created Facebook in his[|Harvard] dorm room. [|Mark Zuckerberg] invented Facemash on October 28, 2003, while attending [|Harvard] as a sophomore. The site represented a Harvard University version of Hot or Not, according to the Harvard Crimson.[|[20]] That night, Zuckerberg was blogging about a girl who had dumped him and trying to think of something to do to get her off his mind:[|[21]][|[22]][|[23]]

I'm a little intoxicated, not gonna lie. So what if it's not even 10 p.m. and it's a Tuesday night? What? The Kirkland [dorm] facebook is open on my desktop and some of these people have pretty horrendous facebook pics. I almost want to put some of these faces next to pictures of farm animals and have people vote on which is more attractive.—9:48 pm

Yea, it's on. I'm not exactly sure how the farm animals are going to fit into this whole thing (you can't really ever be sure with farm animals...), but I like the idea of comparing two people together.—11:09 pm

Let the hacking begin.—12:58 am According to //[|The Harvard Crimson]//, Facemash "used photos compiled from the online facebooks of nine Houses, placing two next to each other at a time and asking users to choose the 'hotter' person". To accomplish this, Zuckerberg hacked into the protected areas of Harvard's computer network and copied the houses' private dormitory ID images. Harvard at that time did not have a student directory with photos and basic information and the initial site generated 450 visitors and 22,000 photo-views in its first four hours online.[|[24]] That the initial site mirrored people’s physical community—with their real identities—represented the key aspects of what later became Facebook.[|[25]] "Perhaps Harvard will squelch it for legal reasons without realizing its value as a venture that could possibly be expanded to other schools (maybe even ones with good-looking people...)," Zuckerberg wrote in his personal blog. "But one thing is certain, and it’s that I’m a jerk for making this site. Oh well. Someone had to do it eventually..."[|[26]] The site was quickly forwarded to several campus group list-servers but was shut down a few days later by the Harvard administration. Zuckerberg was charged by the administration with breach of security, violating copyrights, and violating individual privacy, and faced expulsion, but ultimately the charges were dropped.[|[27]] Zuckerberg expanded on this initial project that semester by creating a social study tool ahead of an art history final by uploading 500 [|Augustan] images to a website, with one image per page along with a comment section.[|[25]] He opened the site up to his classmates and people started sharing their notes. "The professor said it had the best grades of any final he’d ever given. This was my first social hack. With Facebook, I wanted to make something that would make Harvard more open," Zuckerberg said in a TechCrunch interview.

** Thefacebook **
Thefacebook on February 12, 2004. The following semester, Zuckerberg began writing code for a new website in January 2004. He was inspired, he said, by an editorial in //The Harvard Crimson// about the Facemash incident. "It is clear that the technology needed to create a centralized Website is readily available," the paper observed. "The benefits are many."[|[21]] On February 4, 2004, Zuckerberg launched "Thefacebook", originally located at thefacebook.com.[|[28]] "Everyone’s been talking a lot about a universal face book within Harvard," Zuckerberg told The Harvard Crimson. "I think it’s kind of silly that it would take the University a couple of years to get around to it. I can do it better than they can, and I can do it in a week."[|[29]] "When Mark finished the site, he told a couple of friends. And then one of them suggested putting it on the Kirkland House online mailing list, which was, like, three hundred people," according to roommate [|Dustin Moskovitz]. "And, once they did that, several dozen people joined, and then they were telling people at the other houses. By the end of the night, we were, like, actively watching the registration process. Within twenty-four hours, we had somewhere between twelve hundred and fifteen hundred registrants."[|[30]] Just six days after the site launched, three Harvard seniors, [|Cameron Winklevoss], [|Tyler Winklevoss], and [|Divya Narendra], accused Zuckerberg of intentionally misleading them into believing he would help them build a social network called HarvardConnection.com, while he was instead using their ideas to build a competing product.[|[31]] The three complained to the //Harvard Crimson// and the newspaper began an investigation. Zuckerberg used his site, TheFacebook.com, to look up members of the site who identified themselves as members of the Crimson. Then he examined a log of failed logins to see if any of the Crimson members had ever entered an incorrect password into TheFacebook.com. In the cases in which they had entered failed logins, Mark tried to use them to access the Crimson members' Harvard email accounts. He successfully accessed two of them.[|[31]] The three later filed a lawsuit against Zuckerberg, later settling.[|[32]] Membership was initially restricted to students of [|Harvard College], and within the first month, more than half the undergraduate population at Harvard was registered on the service.[|[33]] [|Eduardo Saverin](business aspects), [|Dustin Moskovitz] (programmer), Andrew McCollum (graphic artist), and [|Chris Hughes] soon joined Zuckerberg to help promote the website. In March 2004, Facebook expanded to[|Stanford], [|Columbia], and [|Yale].[|[34]] This expansion continued when it opened to all [|Ivy League] and Boston area schools, and gradually most universities in Canada and the United States.[|[35]] Facebook incorporated in the summer of 2004 and the entrepreneur [|Sean Parker], who had been informally advising Zuckerberg, became the company's president.[|[36]] In June 2004, Facebook moved its base of operations to [|Palo Alto], California.[|[34]] The company dropped //The// from its name after purchasing the [|domain name] facebook.com in 2005 for $200,000.[|[37]] Facebook launched a high school version in September 2005, which Zuckerberg called the next logical step.[|[38]] At that time, high school networks required an invitation to join.[|[39]] Facebook later expanded membership eligibility to employees of several companies, including [|Apple Inc.] and [|Microsoft].[|[40]] Facebook was then opened on September 26, 2006, to everyone of ages 13 and older with a valid [|e-mail address].[|[41]][|[42]] In October 2008, Facebook announced that it was to set up its international headquarters in Dublin, Ireland.[|[43]]

Financials
Entrance to Facebook's current headquarters in the [|Stanford Research Park],[|Palo Alto, California].Another view of Facebook's current headquarters. Facebook received its first investment of [|US$]500,000 in June 2004 from [|PayPal] co-founder [|Peter Thiel].[|[44]] This was followed a year later by $12.7 million in[|venture capital] from [|Accel Partners], and then $27.5 million more from [|Greylock] Partners.[|[44]][|[45]] A leaked [|cash flow statement] showed that during the 2005[|fiscal year], Facebook had a net loss of $3.63 million.[|[46]] With the sale of social networking website [|MySpace] to [|News Corp] on July 19, 2005, rumors surfaced about the possible sale of Facebook to a larger media company.[|[47]] Zuckerberg had already said he did not want to sell the company, and denied rumors to the contrary.[|[48]] On March 28, 2006, //[|BusinessWeek]//reported that a potential acquisition of Facebook was under negotiation. Facebook reportedly declined an offer of $750 million from an unknown bidder, and it was rumored the asking price rose as high as $2 billion.[|[49]] In September 2006, serious talks between Facebook and [|Yahoo!] took place concerning acquisition of Facebook, with prices reaching as high as $1 billion.[|[50]]Thiel, by then a board member of Facebook, indicated that Facebook's internal valuation was around $8 billion based on their projected revenues of $1 billion by 2015, comparable to Viacom's [|MTV] brand, a company with a shared target demographic audience.[|[51]] On July 17, 2007, Zuckerberg said that selling Facebook was unlikely because he wanted to keep it independent, saying "We're not really looking to sell the company... We're not looking to [|IPO] anytime soon. It's just not the core focus of the company."[|[52]] In September 2007, Microsoft approached Facebook, proposing an investment in return for a 5% stake in the company, offering an estimated $300–500 million.[|[53]] That month, other companies, including [|Google], expressed interest in buying a portion of Facebook.[|[54]] On October 24, 2007, Microsoft announced that it had purchased a 1.6% share of Facebook for $240 million, giving Facebook a total implied value of around $15 billion.[|[55]] However, Microsoft bought preferred stock that carried special rights, such as "liquidation preferences" that meant Microsoft would get paid before common stockholders if the company is sold. Microsoft's purchase also included rights to place international ads on Facebook.[|[56]] In November 2007, Hong Kong billionaire [|Li Ka-shing] invested $60 million in Facebook.[|[57]] In August 2008, //[|BusinessWeek]// reported that private sales by employees, as well as purchases by venture capital firms, had and were being done at share prices that put the company's total valuation at between $3.75 billion and $5 billion.[|[56]] In October 2008, Zuckerberg said "I don't think social networks can be monetized in the same way that search did... In three years from now we have to figure out what the optimum model is. But that is not our primary focus today."[|[58]] In August 2009, Facebook acquired [|social media] real-time [|news aggregator] [|FriendFeed],[|[59]] a startup created by the former [|Google] employee and [|Gmail]'s first engineer [|Paul Buchheit] who, while at Google, coined the phrase "[|Don't be evil]".[|[60]][|[61]][|[62]] In September 2009, Facebook claimed that it had turned cash flow positive for the first time.[|[63]] In February 2010, Facebook acquired Malaysian contact-importing startup Octazen Solutions.[|[64]] On April 2, 2010, Facebook announced acquisition of photo-sharing service called Divvyshot for an undisclosed amount.[|[65]]

Website
Facebook's homepage features a login form on the top right for existing users and a registration form directly underneath for new visitors. Users can create profiles with photos, lists of personal interests, contact information and other personal information. Communicating with friends and other users can be done through private or public messages or a chat feature. Users can also create and join interest and fan groups, some of which are maintained by organizations as a means of advertising.[|[66]] To combat privacy concerns, Facebook enables users to choose their own privacy settings and choose who can see what parts of their profile.[|[67]] The website is free to users and generates revenue from advertising, such as [|banner ads].[|[68]] By default, the viewing of detailed profile data is restricted to users from the same network and "reasonable community limitations".[|[69]] Microsoft is Facebook's exclusive partner for serving [|banner advertising],[|[70]] and as such Facebook only serves advertisements that exist in Microsoft's[|advertisement inventory]. According to [|comScore], an internet [|marketing research] company, Facebook collects as much data from its visitors as Google and Microsoft, but considerably less than [|Yahoo!].[|[71]]

** Interface evolution **
Profile shown on Thefacebook in 2004. || Facebook profile shown in 2006. || Facebook profile shown in 2007. || Facebook Lite shown in 2009. || Facebook fan page of Wikipedia shown in 2010. || New Facebook homepage released in February 2010. ||
 * [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Original-facebook.jpg/120px-Original-facebook.jpg width="120" height="89" align="center" link="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Original-facebook.jpg"]]
 * [[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a1/New-Facebook.jpg/120px-New-Facebook.jpg width="120" height="69" align="center" link="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:New-Facebook.jpg"]]

** Facebook Lite **
In August 2009, Facebook announced the rollout of a "[|lite]" version of the site, optimized for users on slower or intermittent Internet connections. Facebook Lite offered fewer services, excluded most third-party applications and required less bandwidth.[|[72]] A beta version of the slimmed-down interface was released first to invited testers,[|[73]] before a broader rollout across users in the USA, Canada, and India.[|[72]]

** Features **
//Main article: [|Facebook features]// The media often compares Facebook to [|MySpace], but one significant difference between the two websites is the level of customization.[|[74]] MySpace allows users to decorate their profiles using [|HTML]and [|Cascading Style Sheets] (CSS), while Facebook only allows [|plain text].[|[75]] Facebook has a number of features with which users may interact. They include the [|Wall], a space on every user's profile page that allows friends to post messages for the user to see;[|[76]] [|Pokes], which allows users to send a virtual "poke" to each other (a notification then tells a user that they have been poked);[|[77]] [|Photos], where users can upload albums and photos;[|[78]] and [|Status], which allows users to inform their friends of their whereabouts and actions.[|[79]] Depending on privacy settings, anyone who can see a user's profile can also view that user's Wall. In July 2007, Facebook began allowing users to post attachments to the Wall, whereas the Wall was previously limited to textual content only.[|[76]] Over time, Facebook has added features to its website. On September 6, 2006, a [|News Feed] was announced, which appears on every user's homepage and highlights information including profile changes, upcoming events, and birthdays of the user's friends.[|[80]] This has enabled spammers and other users to manipulate these features by creating illegitimate events or posting fake birthdays to attract attention to their profile or cause.[|[81]] Initially, the News Feed caused dissatisfaction among Facebook users; some complained it was too cluttered and full of undesired information, while others were concerned it made it too easy for other people to track down individual activities (such as changes in relationship status, events, and conversations with other users).[|[82]] In response to this dissatisfaction, Zuckerberg issued an apology for the site's failure to include appropriate customizable privacy features. Since then, users have been able to control what types of information are shared automatically with friends. Users are now able to prevent friends from seeing updates about certain types of activities, including profile changes, Wall posts, and newly added friends.[|[83]] On February 23, 2010, Facebook was granted [|US patent 7669123] on certain aspects of their News Feed. The patent covers News Feeds where links are provided so that one user can participate in the same activity of another user.[|[84]] This patent is controversial in that it appears to cover all types of News Feeds. One of the most popular applications on Facebook is the [|Photos] application, where users can upload albums and photos.[|[85]] Facebook allows users to upload an unlimited number of photos, compared with other [|image hosting services] such as [|Photobucket] and [|Flickr], which apply limits to the number of photos that a user is allowed to upload. During the first years, Facebook users were limited to 60 photos per album. As of May 2009, this limit has been increased to 200 photos per album.[|[86]][|[87]][|[88]][|[89]] Privacy settings can be set for individual albums, limiting the groups of users that can see an album. For example, the privacy of an album can be set so that only the user's friends can see the album, while the privacy of another album can be set so that all Facebook users can see it. Another feature of the Photos application is the ability to "[|tag]", or label users in a photo. For instance, if a photo contains a user's friend, then the user can tag the friend in the photo. This sends a notification to the friend that they have been tagged, and provides them a link to see the photo.[|[90]] Facebook Notes was introduced on August 22, 2006, a blogging feature that allowed tags and embeddable images. Users were later able to import blogs from [|Xanga], [|LiveJournal], [|Blogger], and other blogging services.[|[41]] During the week of April 7, 2008, Facebook released a [|Comet]-based[|[91]] [|instant messaging] application called "Chat" to several networks,[|[92]] which allows users to communicate with friends and is similar in functionality to desktop-based [|instant messengers]. Facebook launched [|Gifts] on February 8, 2007, which allows users to send virtual gifts to their friends that appear on the recipient's profile. Gifts cost $1.00 each to purchase, and a personalized message can be attached to each gift.[|[93]][|[94]] On May 14, 2007, Facebook launched [|Marketplace], which lets users post free classified ads.[|[95]] Marketplace has been compared to [|Craigslist] by [|CNET], which points out that the major difference between the two is that listings posted by a user on Marketplace are only seen by users that are in the same network as that user, whereas listings posted on Craigslist can be seen by anyone.[|[96]] On July 20, 2008, Facebook introduced "Facebook Beta", a significant redesign of its user interface on selected networks. The Mini-Feed and Wall were consolidated, profiles were separated into tabbed sections, and an effort was made to create a "cleaner" look.[|[97]] After initially giving users a choice to switch, Facebook began migrating all users to the new version beginning in September 2008.[|[98]] On December 11, 2008, it was announced that Facebook is testing out a new simpler signup process.[|[99]] On June 13, 2009, Facebook introduced a "Usernames" feature, whereby pages can be linked with simpler [|URLs] such as [] as opposed to [].[|[100]]

** Platform **
Facebook mobile [|graphical user interface].Facebook's former headquarters in downtown [|Palo Alto, California]. Facebook launched the Facebook Platform on May 24, 2007, providing a [|framework] for [|software developers] to create [|applications] that interact with core Facebook features.[|[101]][|[102]] A markup language called [|Facebook Markup Language] was introduced simultaneously; it is used to customize the "look and feel" of applications that developers create. Using the Platform, Facebook launched several new applications,[|[101]][|[102]] including Gifts, allowing users to send virtual gifts to each other, [|Marketplace], allowing users to post free classified ads, [|Events], giving users a method of informing their friends about upcoming events, and[|Video], letting users share homemade videos with one another.[|[103]][|[104]] Applications that have been created on the Platform include [|chess], which both allow users to play games with their friends.[|[105]] In such games, a user's moves are saved on the website, allowing the next move to be made at any time rather than immediately after the previous move.[|[106]] By November 3, 2007, seven thousand applications had been developed on the Facebook Platform, with another hundred created every day.[|[107]] By the second annual f8 developers conference on July 23, 2008, the number of applications had grown to 33,000,[|[108]] and the number of registered developers had exceeded 400,000.[|[109]] Within a few months of launching the Facebook Platform, issues arose regarding "application [|spam]", which involves Facebook applications "spamming" users to request it be installed.[|[110]] Facebook Connect was announced for the [|Xbox 360] and [|Nintendo DSi] on June 1 at E3.[|[111]] On February 2, 2010, Facebook announce the release of //[|HipHop]// as an opensource project.

** Facebook on smartphones **
Many new [|smartphones] offer access to the Facebook services either through their web-browsers or applications. The Facebook iPhone app was launched August 2007 and as of July 2008 over 1.5 million people use it regularly.[|[112]] A free application for the [|iPhone OS] named "Facebook for iPhone" was launched July 2008.[|[112]] Version 2.0 of this app was released in September 2008 and featured improved services such as being able to respond to friend requests and notifications.[|[113]] Version 3.0 was released in August 2009 and added features such as events, and uploading video with a [|iPhone 3GS].[|[114]] [|Nokia] offers a Facebook app on its [|Ovi Store] for Nokia S60 devices such as the N97 and contains most of the functionality of the full website.[|[115]] Google's [|Android 2.0] OS automatically includes an official Facebook app. The first device to use this is the [|Motorola Droid]. The app has options to sync Facebook friends with contacts, which adds profile pictures and status updates to the contacts list. [|RIM] also offers a Facebook application for the [|BlackBerry]. It includes a range of functions, including an ability to integrate Facebook events into the BlackBerry calendar, and using Facebook profile pictures for Caller ID.[|[116]]

** Server infrastructure **
At QCon San Francisco 2008,[|[117]] Director of Engineering Aditya Agarwal indicated that the front-end servers are running a [|PHP] [|LAMP stack] with the addition of [|Memcache], and the back-end services are written in a variety of languages including [|C++], [|Java], [|Python] and [|Erlang]. Other components of the Facebook infrastructure (which have been released as [|open source] projects) include [|Scribe], [|Thrift] and [|Cassandra], as well as existing open-source components such as[|ODS]. In January 2010, Facebook confirmed it is building the company's first custom data center in Prineville, Oregon.[|[118]] When completed in June 2011, the 147,000 square feet (13,700 m2) building will occupy 30 acres (0.12 km2) of the 124 acres (0.50 km2) site they purchased, and will house 35 employees.[|[119]][|[120]]

** Downtime and outages **
Facebook has had a number of outages and downtime large enough to draw some media attention. A 2007 outage resulted in a security hole that enabled some users to read other users' personal mail.[|[121]] In 2008, the site was inaccessible for about a day, from many locations in many countries.[|[122]] In spite of these occurrences, a report issued by [|Pingdom] found that Facebook had less downtime in 2008 than most social networking websites.[|[123]] On September 16, 2009, Facebook started having major problems with loading when people signed in. On September 18, 2009, Facebook went down for the second time in 2009, the first time being when a group of hackers were deliberately trying to drown out a political speaker who had social networking problems from continuously speaking against the Iranian election results.[//[|citation needed]//] In October 2009, an unspecified number of Facebook users were unable to access their accounts for over three weeks.[|[124]][|[125]][|[126]][|[127]][|[128]]

** URL shortener **
On December 14, 2009, Facebook launched its own [|URL shortener] based on FB.me domain name.[|[129]] From that point on, all links based on facebook.com can be accessed under fb.me, which is seven characters shorter.

Effect on politics - [|Saint Anselm College] presidential debates
Facebook's effect on the American political system became clear in January 2008, shortly before the [|New Hampshire Primary], when Facebook teamed up with [|ABC] and [|Saint Anselm College] to allow users to give live feedback about the "back to back" January 5 Republican and Democratic debates.[|[130]][|[131]][|[132]] [|Charles Gibson] moderated both debates, held at the Dana Center for the Humanities at[|Saint Anselm College]. Facebook users took part in debate groups organized around specific topics, register to vote, and message questions.[|[133]] Over 1,000,000 people installed the Facebook application 'US politics' in order to take part, and the application measured users' responses to specific comments made by the debating candidates.[|[134]] This debate showed the broader community what many what young students had already experienced: that Facebook was an extremely popular and powerful new way to interact and voice opinions. An article written by Michelle Sullivan of Uwire.com illustrates how the "facebook effect" has affected youth voting rates, support by youth of political candidates, and general involvement by the youth population in the 2008 election.[|[135]]

Reception
According to [|comScore], Facebook is the leading social networking site based on monthly unique visitors, having overtaken main competitor MySpace in April 2008.[|[136]] ComScore reports that Facebook attracted 132.1 million unique visitors in June 2008, compared to MySpace, which attracted 117.6 million.[|[137]] According to [|Alexa], the website's ranking among all websites increased from 60th to 7th in worldwide traffic, from September 2006 to September 2007, and is currently 2nd.[|[138]] [|Quantcast] ranks the website 4th in the U.S. in traffic,[|[139]] and [|Compete.com] ranks it 2nd in the U.S.[|[140]] The website is the most popular for uploading photos, with 14 million uploaded daily.[|[141]] Facebook is the most popular social networking site in several [|English-speaking countries], including Canada,[|[142]] the United Kingdom,[|[143]] and the [|United States].[|[144]][|[145]][|[146]][|[147]] The website has won awards such as placement into the "Top 100 Classic Websites" by //[|PC Magazine]// in 2007,[|[148]] and winning the "People's Voice Award" from the [|Webby Awards] in 2008.[|[149]] In a 2006 study conducted by Student Monitor, a [|New Jersey]-based company specializing in research concerning the college student market, Facebook was named the second most popular thing among undergraduates, tied with[|beer] and only ranked lower than the [|iPod].[|[150]] By 2005, the use of Facebook had already become so ubiquitous that the generic verb "facebooking" had come into use to describe the process of browsing others' profiles or updating one's own.[|[151]] In 2008, [|Collins English Dictionary] declared "Facebook" as their new Word of the Year.[|[152]] In December 2009, the [|New Oxford American Dictionary] declared their word of the year to be the verb "unfriend":


 * unfriend** – verb – To remove someone as a "friend" on a social networking site such as Facebook. As in, “I decided to unfriend my roommate on Facebook after we had a fight.”

** Use by courts **
In December 2008, the [|Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory] ruled that Facebook is a valid [|protocol] to serve court notices to defendants. It is believed to be the world's first legal judgement that defines a [|summons] posted on Facebook as legally binding.[|[153]] In March 2009, the New Zealand High Court associate justice David Glendall allowed for the serving of legal papers on Craig Axe by the company Axe Market Garden via Facebook.[|[154]]

** Criticism **
//Main article: [|Criticism of Facebook]//

** Lamebook **
In April 2009, two Austin graphic designers created [|Lamebook], a blog where Facebook users can submit humorous entries from the social networking site. The site averages about 800,000 hits per day.[|[155]]

** uSocial **
In November 2009, Facebook sent social media marketing company uSocial a cease and desist notice regarding the sale of fans and friends on the site.[|[156]] While uSocial claimed that they were not conducting any illegal activity,[|[157]] they did remove the friend-selling service from their website.[|[158]] However, they still continue to sell fans for Facebook pages.[//[|citation needed]//]

** StudiVZ **
On July 18, 2008, Facebook sued [|StudiVZ] in a California federal court, alleging that StudiVZ copied its look, feel, features, and services. StudiVZ denied the claims, and asked for [|declaratory judgment] at the District Court in [|Stuttgart, Germany].[|[159]] On September 10, 2009, a settlement was reached, resulting in StudiVZ paying an undisclosed sum to Facebook and both companies continuing business as usual.[|[160]]

** Grant Raphael **
On July 24, 2008, the High Court in London ordered Grant Raphael to pay GBP £22,000 (about USD $43,700 at the then-current exchange rate) for breach of privacy and libel. Raphael had posted a fake Facebook page purporting to be that of a former schoolfriend and business colleague, Mathew Firsht, with whom Raphael had fallen out in 2000. The fake page claimed that Firsht was homosexual and untrustworthy. The case is believed to be the first successful [|invasion of privacy] and [|defamation] verdict against someone over an entry on a social networking site.[|[161]][|[162]][|[163]][|[164]][|[165]][|[166]]

** Adam Guerbuez **
Facebook won a lawsuit against [|Canadian] Adam Guerbuez, of [|Montreal], worth $873 million. Guerbuez had spammed the website with various advertisements including [|penis enhancements] and[|marijuana]. Guerbuez founded Atlantis Blue Capital.[|[167]]

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when internet was invented- facebook, myspace, MSN ect.